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Backwater Blues offers a critique of long-standing ideas of African American environmental complacency by showing the ways in which black commentators from W.E.B. Du Bois to Bessie Smith provided an ecological and intellectual criticism of the 1927 flood. Through most of the twentieth-century assumptions of black environmental complacency have given rise to the wide-spread belief that African Americans rarely expressed thoughts or ideas about their surrounding environmental world. To the contrary, African Americans have a long tradition of racial consciousness, intellectual narration, and articulation of environmental landscapes that were heightened during the 1927 flood. Black cultural and intellectual commentary of the flood was rooted in the lived historical experience of race and nature being interrelated burdens; the perils of rain, wind, and water exacerbating existing vulnerabilities of second-class citizenship. The 1927 flood represents a polysemy of both an engineered environmental ecology of vulnerability and a blues ideology of group expression, drawing attention to the multiple narratives that created a backwater flood. While many scholars have written about the blues in the context of the U.S. South and disasters, I bring a fresh approach by contextualizing not only the meaning of blues lyrics but also what the blues archives on the 1927 flood tell us about blues culture and technology. I also take seriously the point that the 1927 flood was a national event that influenced more than the 1928 Presidential Election and flood control policies. It also influenced ideas of charity, migration patterns, and labor rights activism.

In the midst of vast cultural and political shifts in the early twentieth century, politicians and cultural observers variously hailed and decried the rise of the “New Negro.” This phenomenon was most clearly manifest in the United States through the outpouring of Black arts and letters and social commentary known as the Harlem Renaissance. What is less known is how far afield of Harlem that renaissance flourished—how much the New Negro movement was actually just one part of a collective explosion of political protest, cultural expression, and intellectual debate all over the world. In this volume, the Harlem Renaissance “escapes from New York” into its proper global context. The chapters here recover the broader New Negro experience as social movements, popular cultures, and public behavior spanned the globe from New York to New Orleans, from Paris to the Philippines and beyond. This book does not so much map the many sites of this early twentieth-century Black internationalism as it draws attention to how New Negroes and their global allies already lived. Resituating the Harlem Renaissance, the book stresses the need for scholarship to catch up with the historical reality of the New Negro experience.