The Remix: Afro-Indian Intimacies
The Remix: Afro-Indian Intimacies
This chapter explores the interracial mixing among Indians and blacks and its embodiment of miscegenation in America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It reads Pauline Hopkins’s serialized novel Winona: A Tale of Negro Life in the South and Southwest (1902) and Bob Cole, J. Rosamond Johnson, and James Weldon Johnson’s collaborative musical, The Red Moon (1908), both of which responded to the heightened polarization of black and white by employing the social reality of racial hybridity as well as complex Afro-Indian relations to unsettle the monolithic narratives of black-white relations. In addition to staging miscegenation in multiple geographic sites, Winona and The Red Moon took into account the histories and contemporaneous patterns of migration and immigration, played out new visions of interracial and intercultural dynamics in the context of U.S. cultural and imperial politics, reconceptualized the bifurcated portrait of U.S. race relations, and provided an alternative platform for imagining citizenship and nation making.
Keywords: interracial mixing, Indians, blacks, miscegenation, Pauline Hopkins, J. Rosamond Johnson, James Weldon Johnson, The Red Moon, racial hybridity, Afro-Indian relations
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